AMMAN/BEIRUT: Forces loyal to President Bashar Assad are massing around Aleppo in preparation for an offensive to retake the city and build on battlefield gains that have swung the momentum of Syria’s war in favor of Assad and his Hezbollah allies. Rebels reported signs of large numbers of Shiite fighters flowing in from Iraq in order to help Assad end the civil war that has killed at least 80,000 people and forced 1.6 million Syrians to flee abroad.

 

The move to a northern front comes as Syria’s war is increasingly infecting its neighbors – Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel – and widening a regional sectarian fault line between Sunnis and Shiites.

 

For the first time since the start of the uprising in March 2011, an Israeli minister suggested Monday that Assad might prevail in the war, thanks in large part to support from Shiite Iran and Hezbollah.

 

However, efforts to dislodge rebels in Aleppo will be a much tougher proposition than last week’s capture of the town of Qusair, with military analysts predicting that the conflict will probably drag on for months or years as Assad’s many foes are likely to be galvanized by recent rebel reversals.

 

Alarmed by Assad’s swift advances and hoping to turn the tide, Washington might decide later this week on whether to start arming the rebels, a U.S. official said.

 

Assad’s army is preparing to lift sieges on areas close to Aleppo before turning its sights on the country’s second city, according to the semiofficial Syrian Al-Watan daily.

 

“Any battle in Aleppo will be huge and most certainly prolonged,” said Charles Lister, an analyst at IHS Jane’s Terrorism and Insurgency Centre.

 

“You have large numbers of rebels in several areas of the city. There will have to be a lot of very close combat fighting that always takes a lot of time and leaves many casualties.”

 

Rebel brigades poured into Aleppo last July and have more than half the great merchant city under their control. The front lines are largely stable and a growing number of radicalized, Islamist foreign fighters have joined rebel ranks.

 

Opposition activists and military sources said the army was airlifting troops to Aleppo airport and to the Kurdish area of Afrin behind rebel lines, as well as reinforcing two rural Shiite enclaves, Zahra and Al-Nubul, north of the city.

 

“The regime appears to be making a pincer movement to try and regain the major cities across the north and east of Syria ahead of the Geneva conference,” said Abu Taha, a northern rebel commander, referring to proposed international peace talks.

 

The United States and Russia hope to hold the conference in Switzerland next month, but Britain has warned that Assad’s recent success might make him reluctant to offer the sort of compromises believed necessary to end the bloodshed.

 

After appearing to seize the initiative in 2012, the rebels have suffered a series of setbacks this year, with Assad’s demoralized forces significantly bolstered by the arrival of well-trained fighters from Hezbollah.

 

Rebels said these extra forces had played a determining role in the emphatic victory last week in Qusair, which controls vital supply routes across Syria and into Lebanon.

 

A security source in Lebanon said Hezbollah would continue to assist Assad, but unlike the battle for Qusair, which lies close to its home turf, it might not dispatch its troops north to Aleppo, preferring instead to offer training.

 

Looking to relieve the growing pressure on Aleppo, rebels attacked Monday two major military compounds in northern Syria – on the outskirts of the city of Raqqa and the Menagh airport in the adjacent province of Aleppo.

 

“The rebels have raised pressure ... in the last two days to pre-empt any attack on Aleppo,” said Abdel-Razzaq Shlas, a member of the opposition administrative council for the province.

 

Activists said the army had retaliated by bombing Raqqa, killing at least 20 civilians and fighters.

 

“There is a big loss of lives, but the aim is to deflate the morale boost that the regime received after Qusair and not allow it to go to Geneva as a victor,” Shlas said.

 

But in a worrying development for the rebels, Shlas said there were reports of militiamen loyal to one of Iraqi’s top Shiite leaders, Muqtada al-Sadr, streaming into Syria to bolster Assad’s forces.

 

Their arrival would underline the increasingly regionalized nature of the war following Hezbollah’s entry into the fray.

 

Lister, who monitors Sunni jihadist forums, said it seemed a growing number of Sunnis appeared ready to take up arms in Syria with the rebel forces. The Syrian opposition is largely Sunni.

 

“If you believe what you read in the forums, then there are a lot of people heading to Syria to take up the fight,” he said, adding that there were also a growing number of death notices for foreign fighters appearing on the Web, including six in one day last week.

 

Israel, which shares a tense border with Syria, has regularly predicted the fall of Assad. But Monday, Intelligence Minister Yuval Steinitz offered a very different view. Speaking to foreign reporters in Jerusalem, he said Assad’s government “might not just survive but even regain territories.”

 

Western nations, including the United States, have said Assad must stand down, but have thus far refused to arm the rebels, worried the weaponry might fall into the hands of radical elements, including groups tied to Al-Qaeda.

 

On a visit to Aleppo earlier this month, a Reuters correspondent saw a marked increase in the number of hardcore Islamist groups, who seemed to have gained ascendancy over the more moderate Free Syrian Army that led the initial combat.

 

Rebels in the city also seemed more focused on resolving day-to-day issues rather taking the fight to Assad.

 

“The biggest problem we have is thievery. There are thieves who pretend to be rebels and wear rebel clothes so they can steal from civilians,” said Abu Ahmad Rahman, head of the Revolutionary Military Police in Aleppo, an organization set up to resolve disputes between rebels and civilians.

 

But there were also signs of anti-Assad forces digging in, preparing for an eventual army onslaught.

 

“This conflict has no discernable end point at the moment,” said Lister.